1、直接在动词后面加ing。例如:
原词:read + ing →reading(读)
原词:draw + ing →drawing(画)
原词:listen + ing →listening(听)
2、末尾是x、w、y的动词,直接加ing。例如:
原词:fix + ing →fixing(修理)
原词:follow + ing →follow(跟随)
原词:employ + ing →employing(雇用)
3、以元音字母加e结尾,或以e结尾,且e发音的动词(ee,oe,ye),直接加ing 。例如:
原词:be + ing → being(做)
原词:see +ing → seeing(看见)
原词:free + ing →freeing(释放)
4、以不发音字母e 结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing。例如:
原词:ride → 去e + ing →riding (骑)
原词:make →去e +ing →making(做)
原词:write → 去e +ing →writing (写)
5、以字母ie结尾的动词,先将变ie为y,再加ing。例如:
原词:lie →先将ie变为y + ing →lying(躺)
原词:tie-→先将ie变为y + ing →tying(系)
原词:die →先将ie变为y + ing →dying(死)
6、以c结尾的动词,变c为ck,再加+ing。例如:
原词:picnic →c变为ck + ing →picnicking(野餐)
原词:traffic →c变为ck + ing →trafficking(交易)
原词(例外):arc +ing →arcing(电弧放电)
7、以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再+ing。例如:
原词: get + t + ing →getting(得到)
原词: run + n + ing →running(跑步)
原词: swim + m + ing →swimming(游泳)
(一)作定语
1、动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前。
例如:The sleeping boy is Tom.
2、现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。
例如:Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.
3、现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开。
例如:Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.
4、有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。
例如:This is an English-speaking country.
(二)作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。
例如:The story is moving.
(三)现在分词在句中作宾语补足语,这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。
例如:We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) 。I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)。
(四)作状语
现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语,如果不是,需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。
1、作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。例如:Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.
2、作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句。例如:Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如:While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.
3、作条件状语。V-ing 形式作条件状语时,相当于一个条件状语从句。例如:Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.
4、作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句。例如:Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
5、作结果状语。例如:He died, leaving nothing but debts.
6、作伴随状语或方式状语。例如:He sat by the roadside, begging.
(五)现在分词的完成时表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如:Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.
(六)现在分词的被动式
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,用V-ing 形式的被动式。例如:The factory being built now is a big one.
(七)现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。例如:Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.

现在分词的形式
一般形式: doing,完成形式:having done,一般形式的被动形式: being done,完成形式的被动形式:having been done。
注: 现在分词与动名词都是动词的-ing形式,它们在形式上是完全一样的。它们主要的区别是在句子中充当的成分(角色)有所不同。当动词的-ing形式用于充当主语,宾语时,即为动名词。而当动词的-ing形式在句中充当非名词性成分(如:定语,状语和补语)时,我们既视其为现在分词。
一、动词原形:
1、语法层面。一般现在时中,主语非第三人称单数,其后的动词用原形(如:
We all like learning English.(we不是第三人称单数,其后like用原形)
2、句式层面。祈使句(表达命令、要求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子)开头的动词用原形。如下2例:
(1)Be quiet!all of you.(你们所有人都要保持安静!)
(2)Don't do your homework late at night! or you will be late for school tomorrow. (晚上不要做你的家庭作业太晚,否则你明天将会上学迟到)
(1)情态动词。如can/could/should/must/will等后面动词用原形。例:
Daniel can play basketball well.(情态动词can紧随其后的动词用原形)
(2)固定搭配。
let sb do sth./make sb do sth./ help sb do sth.
例:Let's have some fun!(让我们玩的开心)
(3)助动词。如do/does/did以及它们的否定形式,后面跟动词原形。
例:Does she read newspapers?(does后紧随其后的动词用原形)
(4)why not do sth.为什么不做某事
例:Why not sing a song?(为什么不唱首歌呢?)
二、动词to do:
1、语法层面。动词to do 形式表目的,意为“为了……/去干……”,放在句首的时候表达“为了”,放在句中或句末时表达“去干”,下面举3个例子说明:
例1:To keep safe, you shouldn't run on the road.(为了保持安全,你不应该在路上跑)
例2:What should you do to cross the road safely?(你应该做什么去安全地穿过马路?)
例3:Beijing is a beautiful place to travel.(北京是一个去旅游的好地方)
2、句式层面。It' s time (for sb) to do sth./ It' s +形容词+(for sb)+ to do sth
例1:It' s time to have class.(该上课了)
例2:It' s easy for me to drive.(对我来说,开车很容易)
3、用词搭配层面。
(1)want to do / would like to do想要干某事
(2) ask sb to do / tell sb to do/invite sb to do叫/告诉/邀请某人做某事
(3)plan to do 计划做某事
(4)have to do不得不做某事
(5)use sth. to do 用……去干……
(6)be ready to do sth.准备好干某事
(7)can't wait to do sth.迫不及待去做某事
三、动词ing:
1、语法层面。表达正在进行时态,be动词+动词ing结构。
例:He is playing the piano now.(他现在正在弹钢琴)
2、句式层面。动词ing开头充当名词作句子的主语。看2个例子:
例1:Swimming is good for your health.(游泳对你的身体好)
例2:Smoking too much is bad for you.(吸烟太多对你不好)
(1) 固定搭配。like/love +doing喜爱干某事;finish doing完成干某事;keep doing 继续干某事
(2) 表示课程。Swimming/Dancing/ lesson
例:I am going to have a Dancing lesson this weekend.
(3) 表示标志。No Parking/ No Smoking
(4) 用在介词后面。be good at/ what about/how about+doing
例:What about having a picnic?
(5)go+动词ing,表达“去干什么”go fishing/swimming/shopping...
例:Let's go fishing.
(6)be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
例:She is busy with her homework.
(7)thank sb for doing sth.感谢某人做某事
例:Thank you for helping me.